Seismic images, seismic inverted data, and wellbore information are used together to reliably explore reservoir properties. The elastic properties of the reservoir may vary due to lithologic differences in the reservoir rocks, and 4D seismic co-processing is intended to minimize such lithologic differences. Interpretation of 4D seismic data focuses mainly on the differences in seismic images between the baseline and monitor surveys. All surface effects unrelated to subsurface geology must be eliminated prior to 4D signal analysis. The 4D seismic datasets are a monitoring tool that allows you to track the dynamic changes in reservoirs during oil and gas production and/or injection activities. The main advantage of 4D seismic is that it provides a comprehensive picture of fluid movement in the reservoir that well-specific monitoring techniques cannot capture. By comparing seismic data acquired over a field at two or more points in time, supplemented by well log data and production histories, time-lapse seismic allows observation of fluid pathways and pore fluid movement within reservoirs. The 4D analysis was performed on two case studies offshore Abu Dhabi, to determine which workflow and algorithm are most likely to ensure that the complete and optimal 4D processing sequence relaxes the need for seismic acquisition repeatability.Ī time-lapse seismic survey is a repetition of 3D seismic surveys over a given area at different times. The 4D physical, geometric, and seismic attributes are analyzed in the field as key diagnostic tools to evaluate the probability of a sighted 4D difference independent of two different acquisition geometries. In this study, least-square pre-stack depth migration (LSM) co-processing was applied to remove the influence of survey design on the final image and pinching mark compared to conventional Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration (KPSDM). Due to high cost and inadequate sampling, attempts to permanently bury seismic sources and receivers have failed. Repeatability of data acquisition is sometimes impossible to achieve in the Middle East due to environmental changes (e.g., dunes, currents, field facilities). Data vintages should be processed together to minimize differences unrelated to production. To measure this 4D signal, the seismic acquisition must be repeated. However, the seismic signal associated with such changes can be negligible, especially in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. These measurements can help optimize production strategy and identify areas where hydrocarbons have been bypassed. This means that repeated seismic surveys can theoretically detect pressure changes and fluid changes associated with field production. Seismic reflections are sensitive to formation pressure and fluid content. Time-lapse (4D) seismic processing is routinely used to monitor hydrocarbon reservoir production.

Promax seismic